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The Indigenous World 2025: Uganda

Indigenous Peoples in Uganda include former hunter-gatherer communities such as the Benet and the Batwa. They also include minority groups such as the Ik, and the Karamojong and Basongora pastoralists, who are not recognized specifically as Indigenous Peoples by the government.

The

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The Indigenous World 2025: Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a country in Oceania that covers an area of 462,840 km2, and the eastern half of the Island of New Guinea and nearby islands. According to the National Statistics Office, as of 2021, it had a population of approximately 11.78 million across 22 provinces....

The Indigenous World 2025: Global Indigenous Youth Caucus (GIYC)

“Deseamos la pervivencia de los saberes ancestrales que tienen que ver con el cuidado de la Madre Tierra, la paz, el derecho a la vida, y las garantías de vivir con dignidad”

“We wish for the continuation of our ancestral knowledge that is related to the protection of

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The Indigenous World 2025: Gabon

Gabon's total population is estimated at 2,397,368. The percentage of Indigenous Peoples in Gabon is thought to be less than 1% of the national population, or between 18,000 and 20,000 people.[1] This estimate will become clearer with the final

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The Indigenous World 2025: Peru

The Peruvian State recognizes 47 Indigenous languages, spoken by 55 different peoples. In the 2017 National Population Census, almost six million people (5,972,603) self-identified as belonging to an Indigenous or Native People, representing just over a quarter of the total population. Of

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The Indigenous World 2025: Philippines

The country’s Indigenous population continues to be estimated at between 10% and 20% of the national population of 109,035,343, based on the 2020 population census.

The Indigenous groups in the northern mountains of Luzon (Cordillera) are collectively known as Igorot while the groups on

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The Indigenous World 2025: IFAD's Engagement with Indigenous Peoples

The Indigenous Peoples’ Forum at IFAD (IPFI) was established in 2011 as a permanent process of consultation and dialogue between representatives of Indigenous Peoples’ institutions and organizations, IFAD and governments. The global meeting of the Forum convenes every second February in

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The Indigenous World 2025: Editorial

Indigenous youth: holding the light of activism

Many Indigenous youth around the world are involved and engaged in the Indigenous movement and struggles at different levels. They organize themselves and act peacefully through their words and actions and, while doing

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The Indigenous World 2025: Algeria

The Amazigh are the Indigenous people of Algeria and other countries of North Africa. However, the Algerian government does not recognize the Indigenous status of the Amazigh and refuses to publish statistics on their population. Because of this, there is no official data on the number of

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The Indigenous World 2025: Botswana

Botswana is a country of 2,450,668 inhabitants, having celebrated its 58th year of independence in 2024. Its government does not recognize any specific ethnic groups as Indigenous, maintaining instead that all citizens of the country are Indigenous. However, 3.34% of the population

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The Indigenous World 2025: Chile

Despite steady increases since the 1990s, Chile’s Indigenous population has experienced no major changes since the 2017 census. At that time, 2,185,792 people self-identified as Indigenous, equivalent to 12.8% of the country's total population (17,076,076). The Mapuche were the most numerous

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The Indigenous World 2025: Guatemala

By the year 2023, the population of Guatemala is projected to reach 17.6 million,[1] of which 43.75% are Indigenous, belonging to the Mayan peoples (Achi', Akateco, Awakateco, Chalchiteco, Ch'orti', Chuj, Itza', Ixil, Jacalteco, Kaqchikel, K'iche',

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The Indigenous World 2025: Tunisia

As elsewhere in North Africa, the Indigenous population of Tunisia is formed of the Amazigh. There are no official statistics on their number in the country but Amazigh associations estimate there to be around 1 million Tamazight speakers, accounting for some 10% of the total population.

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The Indigenous World 2025: Aotearoa (New Zealand)

Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa, represent 17.8% of the 5 million population. The gap between Māori and non-Māori is pervasive: Māori life expectancy is 7 to 8 years less than non-Māori; 28% of Māori leave upper secondary school with no qualifications, over 52% of the prison population

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The Indigenous World 2025: Eritrea

Eritrea borders the southern Red Sea in the Horn of Africa. It emerged as an Italian colonial construct in the late 19th century, superimposed over Indigenous populations. Eritrea’s current population is between 3.7 and 5.9 million inhabitants....

The Indigenous World 2025: Indonesia

Indonesia has a population of approximately 250 million people.[1] The Indigenous Peoples’ Alliance of the Archipelago – Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), an independent Indigenous organization that represents 2,512

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The Indigenous World 2025: Libya

The Amazigh form the Indigenous population of Libya and are estimated to number some one million people, or more than 16% of the country's total population.

They live in various areas of Libya in the north, east and south of the country albeit without any geographical continuity. To the

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The Indigenous World 2025: Australia

As of June 2021, there were 984,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, representing 3.8% of the total Australian population.[1] The most recent available data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicates that, among Indigenous

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The Indigenous World 2025: Nicaragua

Nicaragua is home to seven Indigenous Peoples. The Chorotega (221,000), Cacaopera or Matagalpa (97,500), Ocanxiu or Sutiaba (49,000) and Nahoa or Nahuatl (20,000) live in the centre and north Pacific. In addition, the Caribbean (or Atlantic) coast is inhabited by the Miskitu (150,000), the Sumu

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The Indigenous World 2025: Thailand

The Indigenous Peoples of Thailand live mainly in three geographical regions of the country: Indigenous fisher communities (the Chao Ley) and small populations of hunter-gatherers in the south (Mani people); small groups on the Korat plateau of the north-east and east; and the many different

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The Indigenous World 2025: Nepal

According to the Central Bureau of Statistics 2021 Census of Nepal, the population of Indigenous Peoples in Nepal is 35.08% of the total population of 29,164,578. However, Indigenous academics and movement leaders believe they are the majority. Sixty Indigenous Peoples in Nepal are formally

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The Indigenous World 2025: Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe celebrated its 44th year of independence on 18 April 2024. While the Government of Zimbabwe does not recognise any specific groups as Indigenous to the country, two peoples self-identify as such: the Tshwa (Tjwa, Cua) San found in western Zimbabwe, and the Doma (Vadema,

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The Indigenous World 2025: Brazil

According to data from the 2022 demographic census, Brazil is home to 266 Indigenous Peoples, comprising a population of 1,693,535 individuals and representing approximately 0.83% of the total Brazilian population.

The Indigenous World 2025: Panama

According to the 2023 census, eight Indigenous Peoples live in Panama: the Ngäbe, Bugle, Gunadule, Embera, Wounaan, Naso Tjër Di, Bribri, and Bokota. In total, there are 698,114 Indigenous inhabitants, representing 17.2% of the country's total population.

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The Indigenous World 2025: Guyana

Indigenous Peoples – or Amerindians as they are identified both collectively and in legislation – number some 78,500 in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, or approximately 10.5% of the total population of 746,955 (2012 census).[1] They

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Indigenous World 2025: European Union Engagement with Indigenous Issues

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 Member States. Its legislative and executive powers are divided between the EU main institutions: the European Parliament (co-legislative authority), the Council of the European Union (co-legislative and executive authority) and

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El Mundo Indígena 2025: Camerún

De los más de 20 millones de habitantes de Camerún, algunas comunidades se autoidentifican como indígenas. Entre ellas están los pigmeos, que son cazadores-recolectores, el pueblo pastoril Mbororo y el pueblo Kirdi.

The Indigenous World 2025: Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a country of cultural and ethnic diversity, with over 54 Indigenous Peoples speaking at least 35 languages, along with the majority Bengali population. According to the 2022 census, the country’s Indigenous population numbers approximately 1,650,478,...

The Indigenous World 2025: Malaysia

The 2020 Census shows that the Indigenous Peoples of Malaysia were estimated to account for around 11% of the 32.4 million national population. They are collectively known as Orang Asal. The Orang Asli are the Indigenous Peoples of Peninsular Malaysia and they numbered 206,777 in 2020.

The Indigenous World 2025: Laos

With a population of just over 7 million,[1] the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR or Laos) is the most ethnically diverse country in mainland Southeast Asia.[2] The ethnic Lao, comprising around

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The Indigenous World 2025: Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)

Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) has been a self-governing country since 1979 within the Kingdom of Denmark (or Danish Realm), which consists of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Kalaallit Nunaat. The country is a 2 million km2 island in the Arctic whose population is 88.9% Greenlandic

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The Indigenous World 2025: Cameroon

Among Cameroon’s more than 20 million inhabitants, some communities self-identify as Indigenous. These include the hunter-gatherers (Pygmies), the Mbororo pastoralists, and the Kirdi.

The Indigenous World 2025: Kenya

The peoples who identify with the Indigenous movement in Kenya are mainly pastoralists and hunter-gatherers, as well as some fisher peoples and small farming communities. Pastoral­ists are estimated to comprise 25% of the national population, while the largest individual community of

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The Indigenous World 2025: India

In India, some 705 ethnic groups are listed as Scheduled Tribes. In central India, the Scheduled Tribes are usually referred to as Adivasis, which literally means original inhabitants, Indigenous Peoples.[1] With an estimated population

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The Indigenous World 2025: Colombia

Updated demographic information projected to 2024 on the basis of the Colombia Population and housing Census 2018 indicates that there are 2,489,189 individuals who self-identify as belonging to one of the country's 115 Indigenous Peoples, or 4.7% of the total population....

The Indigenous World 2025: Myanmar

There is no accurate information on the number of Indigenous Peoples in Myanmar, partly due to a lack of understanding in the country of the internationally-recognized concept. The government claims that all citizens of Myanmar are “Indigenous” (taing-yin-tha) and, on that basis,

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The Indigenous World 2025: Japan

The two Indigenous Peoples of Japan, the Ainu and the Ryūkyūans (or Okinawans), live on the northernmost and southernmost islands of the country’s archipelago.

The Ainu territory stretches from Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (now both Russian territories) to the northern part of

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The Indigenous World 2025: Sápmi

Sápmi[i] is the Sámi people’s own name for their traditional territory. The Sámi people are the Indigenous people of the northern part of Finland, Norway, Sweden and large parts of the Kola Peninsula in Russia. Despite being separated by the borders

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The Indigenous World 2025: Paraguay

According to the results of the 2022 National Census, there are approximately 140,206 Indigenous inhabitants of Paraguay, representing 2.29% of the country's total population. These people identify as one of 19 recognized Indigenous Peoples, broken down into five linguistic families: Guaraní

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The Indigenous World 2025: Costa Rica

The eight Indigenous Peoples that inhabit Costa Rica account for 2.4% of the country’s population. Seven of them are of Chibchense origin: Huetar (in Quitirrisí and Zapatón), Maleku (in Guatuso), Bribri (in Salitre, Cabagra, Talamanca Bribri and Këköldi), Cabécar

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The Indigenous World 2025: Namibia

The Republic of Namibia celebrated its 34th year of independence in March 2024. The Indigenous Peoples of Namibia include the various San groups, the Ovatue, Ovahimba, Ovatjimba and, potentially, a number of other peoples including the Ovazemba, Damara, Nama, and the distinct Nama

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The Indigenous World 2024: UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII)

The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) is an expert body of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) with a mandate to provide advice on Indigenous issues to ECOSOC and, through this, to the UN agencies, funds and programmes; to raise awareness of Indigenous Peoples’ issues;

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The Indigenous World 2024: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992 to tackle climate change. In 2015, the UNFCCC adopted the Paris Agreement, a universal agreement to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The goal of the Paris

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The Indigenous World 2024: FAO and Indigenous Peoples: Indigenous Youth

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a Specialized Agency of the UN that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and malnutrition. FAO was founded in 1945, and its primary goal is to achieve food security for all by making sure that people have regular access to enough

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The Indigenous World 2024: Arctic Council

The Arctic Council is the leading intergovernmental forum promoting cooperation among the Arctic States, Arctic Indigenous Peoples and other Arctic inhabitants on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic.

Arctic Indigenous Peoples are represented on

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The Indigenous World 2024: Aotearoa (New Zealand)

Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa, represent 16.5% of the 5 million population. The gap between Māori and non-Māori is pervasive: Māori life expectancy is 7 to 7.4 years less than non-Māori; the median income for Māori is 71% that of Pākehā (New Zealand Europeans); 25.5% of Māori leave

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The Indigenous World 2024: Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland)

Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland) has been a self-governing country since 1979 within the Kingdom of Denmark (or Danish Realm), which consists of Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Kalaallit Nunaat. The country is a 2 million km2 island in the Arctic whose population is 88.9% Greenlandic

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The Indigenous World 2024: Sápmi 

Sápmi is the Sámi people’s own name for their traditional territory. The Sámi people are the Indigenous people of the northern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula and large parts of the Kola Peninsula and they live in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Russia. Traditionally, livelihoods such as

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The Indigenous World 2024: Arctic Peoples’ Conference 2023

From 22 to 25 November 1973, 40 delegates representing 21 organizations of Indigenous Peoples from Arctic Canada, Greenland, Finland, Norway, and Sweden gathered in Copenhagen for the first Arctic Peoples’ Conference.

This groundbreaking and successful conference “demonstrated mutual

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The Indigenous World 2024: Guyana

Indigenous Peoples – or Amerindians as they are identified both collectively and in legislation – number some 78,500 in the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, or approximately 10.5% of the total population of 746,955 (2012 census).[1] They

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IWGIA på Folkemøde Bornholm 2023

Folkemødet på Bornholm nærmer sig og også i år er IWGIA repræsenteret ved en række arrangementer. Tilmed har vi i år udvidet folkemødeholdet betydeligt. Vi har nemlig fået et nyt hold frivillige, som har arrangeret ikke mindre end fire events. Herudover deltager vi i fire andre events.

Indigenous Youth

Indigenous youth are aware that the world and its regions are going through a time of change marked, on the one hand, by key actors committed to respecting human rights and, on the other, by current movements ranged against the implementation of those rights.

 

It is

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Indigenous World 2020: Namibia

The Indigenous Peoples of Namibia include the San, the Ovatue and Ovatjimba, and potentially a number of other peoples including the Damara and Nama. Taken together, the Indigenous Peoples of Namibia represent some 8% of the total population of the country which was 2,533,244 in 2019. The San

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Indigenous World 2020: Panama

The 2010 national census concluded that 438,559 or 12.8% of the country’s 3.4 million inhabitants self-identified as Indigenous. The Gunadule, Emberá, Wounaan, Ngäbe, Buglé, Naso Tjer Di and Bri Bri peoples have all obtained recognition and had their territories demarcated, albeit according to

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Indigenous World 2020: Canada

Indigenous Peoples in Canada are collectively referred to as “Aboriginal Peoples”. The Constitution Act of 1982 recognises three groups of Aboriginal Peoples: Indians, Inuit and Métis. According to the 2016 Canadian Census, there were 1,673,785 Aboriginal Peoples in Canada, accounting for 4.9%

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Indigenous World 2020: Aotearoa (New Zealand)

Māori, the Indigenous people of Aotearoa, represent 15% of the 4.5 million population. The gap between Māori and non-Māori is pervasive: Māori life expectancy is 7.3 years less than non Māori; household income is 78% of the national average; 45% of Māori leave upper secondary school with no

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Indigenous World 2020: Global Indigenous Youth Caucus

It is estimated that there are 370 million Indigenous persons in the world, approximately 45% of whom are between 15 and 30 years of age. This group of Indigenous Peoples face numerous challenges, including marginalisation, migration and premature maternity. Despite these problems, Indigenous

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Indigenous peoples raise concerns at UN Climate Meeting in Abu Dhabi

Despite being a small group of only eight people among the more than 1,000 participants at the UN Climate Meeting in Abu Dhabi in June, indigenous peoples were able to have their voices heard and put indigenous peoples’ rights on the agenda.

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About IWGIA

IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs - is a global human rights organisation dedicated to promoting and defending Indigenous Peoples’ rights. Read more.

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Indigenous World

IWGIA's global report, the Indigenous World, provides an update of the current situation for Indigenous Peoples worldwide. Read The Indigenous World.

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